Article response Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Response - Article Example The article seeks to clarify whether the effect of gender congruence between a competitor and the referent can occur independently from ambiguity avoidance. To clarify this, the authors conducted two experiments using Finnish, a non-gendered language. Like English, the Finnish language speakers produce fewer pronouns when the competitor and the referent have the same gender. Furthermore, this effect does not result from ambiguity avoidance. Competitors’ gender congruence and reduction of pronouns is higher in English language than in Finnish. In English, avoiding gender ambiguous pronouns is easy because semantic competition is normally affected by gender congruence. Discussion and comments of the article On reading this article, my knowledge was widened on what drives the effect of gender congruence in the English language. I knew that gender congruence effect in English language was driven by ambiguity avoidance. Initially, I assumed that the way speakers make reference to e xpressions was based on congruence effect alone. To enhance my understanding, I examined Van Compbel, Fukumura, Harley and Pickering (2011) study, which investigated how similarity in different entities affect a speaker’s choice and reference to some expression. ... Conversely, more pronouns are produced when the competitor and the referent are in different situations. The congruent effect appeared to be high in a situation in which the action described was relevant to the situational congruence. This implies that the effects that come as a result of congruence will depend on other representations of concepts known by the speaker. In the second experiment, this study revealed that whether a pronoun is ambiguous or not, the effect of competitor’s similarity is always present. At the end, the researchers concluded that the similarity effects are independent of ambiguity avoidance. The effect emanates from a speaker’s internal production challenges. Still, Van Compbel et al. (2011) results are similar toward the explanation of how ambiguity avoidance relate with the similarity or congruent effect. However, the studies use different approaches in investigating the effect of congruence on ambiguity avoidance. Both articles revealed that congruence effect is independent of ambiguity avoidance. In the main article by Fukuruma, Hyona and merete (2013), it is revealed that because congruence impact semantic competition, a speaker is aware of the pronoun ambiguity. This makes congruence effect independent. Conversely, Van Compbel et al. (2011) study confirms that it is the internally speaker production constraints that make congruence effect independent of ambiguity avoidance. Further, the similarity between these two articles drew my attention to another study by Arnold and Griffin (2007). The article investigated how one chooses between proper names and pronouns in a speech. The study was based on the traditional assumption that speakers strive to interpret

Compare and Contrast Opportunity and Risk Components Research Paper

Compare and Contrast Opportunity and Risk Components - Research Paper Example Project manager (Learner) may need to make assumptions about the project. Be sure to document the assumptions in the description of the risk and consider both project and product based risks. The project manager should also take in to account external as well as internal risks and consider risks to the project budget, its schedule, its resources and the products quality. Ensure that the risks are categorized and quantified. The estimated costs and worth of a classic kitchen remodeling plan are briefed below. Elevated estimations for greater urban areas and the diminished estimates where home values are below the countrywide average need to be made. Modification for prices for replacements or enhancements is in the last fragment. For size variances of up to 25%, total expenses need to be scrabbled in direct percentage to the size of the project under consideration. The modified costs can be used as a basis for locating a material financial plan and for matching supplier bids (if experts are chosen to do the work) (Homewyse, 2011). This is amongst the major decisions that property-owners have to ultimately deal with when scheduling a project management.   What are the risks?   Effectiveness, length of timeframe, financial plan and class of work are the key factors that one has to consider when determining on such a critical point. For a small kitchen, budget for remodeling is usually restricted. Amidst of a family kitchen remodel, it’s very likely to lose sight of precisely how much money one is spending, crossing over the economical line, every now and then quite significantly. Here are some cautionary cryptograms that during the remodeling; the plan may be heading towards choking terrain (Admin, 2010). The inexpensive cupboards/piece of equipment/sink came about to be backordered for 6 months and extra charges need to be paid for a more exclusive one (and additional variations may chute from this change, accumulating even more to the