Motivation, Stress and Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Motivation, Stress and Communication - Essay Example Job Design Considerations as Human Resources Manager As a human resource manager in Home Depot, the a job design involves, which planning directing, and coordinating human resource management activities in the organization in order to increase the strategic use of human resource and maintenance of function like employee recruitment, compensation, personnel policies and regulatory compliance. The human resource manager has been charged with the responsibility of identifying staff vacancies and recruiting, interviewing and selecting applicants, allocating human resource, ensuring appropriate matches between personnel and providing current and prospective information to the employee concerning job duties, working conditions, wages, opportunities for promotion and benefits. Moreover, the HRM performs the duties of staffing, which include understaffing, refereeing, firing, administering disciplinary procedures, advising managers on matters related to equality in employee opportunity and recommending changes. Use of Goal Setting to Motivate Performance Goal setting can be applied for motivating performance through the Goal-setting theory of motivation, which was developed in 1960’s Edwin Locke, whereby it states that setting of goals is related to task performance (Lunenburg, 2001). The theory explains the specific and challenging goals and appropriate feedback that facilitates improvement in performance, since the goals offer guidance to employees concerning their needs, and the efforts that are required to achieve these objectives. These goals increase the willingness to work, thus making them a source of motivation, though there is a need for clear, particular and sophisticated goal as a motivating factor, instead of general, basic and vague goals. Therefore, the specific and clarification in the goals results to an increased performance, and goals are associated with deadlines for completion in order to avoid delays and misunderstanding. On the other hand, the goals are expected to be realistic and challenging, and it gi ves individuals a feeling of pride and triumph after attaining the set objectives, thus setting them up to achieve the next goal. In this case, a challenging goal is a substantial reward, and there is a passion associated with achieving, through appropriate feedback that guides the employees behaviors and contribute to increased performance is needed. Clarification, regulation of difficulties and attaining reputation are the purposes of feedback, and these assists the employees to work to facilitates more job satisfaction. There is a need to reinforce the increased performance through facilitates the sustenance of desired behaviors, thus creating the need for borrowing ideas from the Reinforcement theory of motivation that was proposed by BF Skinner and his associate. The theory states that the individual’s behaviors are functions their consequences and this is based on law of effect, whereby there are behaviors with positive consequence that are repeated others have negative effects, and they tend not to be repeated. The positive behaviors contribute to achievement of organizational goals while the negative behaviors reduce the efforts towards

Memo of Marketing Strategy Essay Example for Free

Memo of Marketing Strategy Essay Like water to fish, the basic reasons that determine the development of a company is called general environment, which includes: demographic reasons, cultural trends, economic climate, legal and political condition, specific international events, and technological change. General environment can be a threat or opportunity for companies, it depends on how deeply companies understand and make use of it. When companies can know the general environment they are facing, they will change their products and services in accordance with the culture they are facing. If companies do not understand the environment very well, they will lose a large sum of money. From my perspective, the three dimensions below are most vital. As for demographic reasons, it contains the attributes of individuals in terms of age, sex, marital status, income, ethnicity and other personal characteristics that may affect consuming patterns. In order to make money, knowing the demographic features of the areas are crucial. Since the new entrant Wall Street Deli is opening a few blocks away, it is necessary for us to keep our business information as a secret. Our advantage is that we have been in this area a long time, we know exactly what our customers’ attributes. Besides, economic climate has a remarkable influence on the business. American economy is in recession now, so Hometown Deli has to think of some ways to stimulate consuming. They can do some discounts like dinner specials or buy two and get one free. Next, the technology can be beneficial to firms but also creates threats, as technological changes force the restaurant to think of new technological strategies. When people are waiting in line, the restaurant can provide some services like upgrading customers’ electronic devices system. They can also provide some competitions for customers to play games in case they got bored. The Porter’s Five Forces Model indicates five most common threats faced by the firms in their local competitive environments. These are threat of entry, threat of rivalry, threat of buyers, threat of substitutes and threat of suppliers. Wall Street Deli is a threat of entry to Hometown Deli, the former may reduce the profits of the latter. In addition, when Hometown Deli cannot keep their competitive advantage and satisfy customers, Wall street Deli provides superior services, the former will lose as soon as possible. The rivalry influences Hometown Deli by fierce competitions and will reduce their profits. Plus, when the supplier Hometown Deli fails to satisfy buyers, customers will not consume and fire it. If the substitute Wall Street Deli offers approximately same or superior services and products than Hometown Deli, the former will not acquire their customers and profits. For Porter’s performance, Hometown Deli manages to use the cost of leadership strategy by gaining more market share in the price war. The firm sells their product either at average prices or lower prices than their rivals. They also use efficient distribution channels or mature services and products to make more profits. Another one is differentiation strategy. By creating unique products and services, the firms can attract more customers. They should be a leader of the scientific research, have a highly creative and skilled product development team, strong sales ability and influential reputation for innovation and quality. What is more, the strategy concentrates on achieving cost advantage and differentiation by developing their strengths and occupying narrow markets. By the way, it is not rational to exploit the three strategies at the same time, since no business can do everything well. Based on the markets and environment, firms should adopt different strategies. For Hometown Deli, it is essential to keep their recipe as a secret and provide same or even better services than they used to have.

Price Of Palm Oil In Malaysia Economics Essay

Price Of Palm Oil In Malaysia Economics Essay INTRODUCTION The most commercial product that contributed to our national income is palm oil product. Nowadays, palm oil is the one of the major oils and fats that is produced and traded in the world where Malaysia is the second largest exporter to produce the palm oil in this world in terms of production and export and this sector contributes more than 30% of the total income to our country. But in 2003, Malaysia become largest producer and Indonesia is a second largest. Because of many land in Indonesia opened to plant the palm oil and exceed the hectares of plantation in Malaysia, Indonesia become the largest producer in the world follow by Malaysia. It is all because of the tremendous increase in production and export volume of palm oil to fulfill the world demand of palm oil. The success story of the Malaysian Palm oil industry was due to the synergistic effort of the Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB) and the industry in carrying out RD and marketing activities. These non-stop efforts have led to higher production and exports, making palm oil always readily available in the world market. But oil palm also facing challenges in enhancing productivity, increasing workflow efficiency and maximizing profits. As the second leader in the palm oil industry, it is worthwhile monitoring the development of its crude palm oil (CPO) production and price. But the prices of palm oil not pegged by the government, it always fluctuated every time year depending on the economic condition. There are many uses of palm oil in our daily life, such as edible oil and soap. Nowadays, the value of palm oil has been increasing quickly because of the decreasing the import tariffs for palm oil and the land for palm oil plantation also increased to expand their business to produce more product of palm oil. Other than that, the Malaysian palm oil also face some effective competitive strength. There are many factor that influence the price of palm oil such as hectares of land, supply of palm oil, export of palm oil, and consumption of palm oil. But before make this research, we must obtain data from other resources to examine the model to test it with econometric model. This study will provide data for 29 years annually in terms of prices of palm oil its production, export and its consumption. Econometric model were developed to analysis the relationship between this prices of palm oil and its economic variable whether the relationship is significant or not. This economic variable test one by one to check the relationship. This study will determine by ordinary least square method to test the independent variable. LITERATURE REVIEW The previous study have been made to understand the impact of palm oil based-biodiesel demand on palm oil prices (Ramli; Roslan and Ayatollah, K 2007). Nowadays biodiesel has become an important fuel to our society. It is because of the growing concern for the environment. Demand for the biodiesel has become higher, and that effect to the volume of palm oil available in the market that putting its prices increased sharply since July 2006. That days, the prices of palm oil influenced by the stock, supply, production. From July 2006 onwards, biofuel become a serious fuel of his renewable production. Biodiesel mainly from palm has increased the demand and altered the economics of palm oil. This study using the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA). This method have been proven to forecast the palm oil prices from July 2006 to end 2007. Supporting to this journal, the prices of petroleum and vegetable oil down to be moving slowly together. (Anna Awad, Fatimah, 2009). This previous studies have been made to find the long term relationship the prices of crude oil and vegetable oil. They using the Engle-Granger two-stage to do the method. This study use data over the period from January 1983 to March 2008. The two products show the result of the strong evidence of a long relationship. Began in the 1970s until 21 century, the price for all commodities increased between January 2000 and March 2008. The increased of the prices caused by the increased petroleum price more than 300%, while food prices increased 107% during the same period and vegetables oil increased of 192%. Besides that,(Mohd Nasir, 2003) said that Malaysia is the largest producer and Indonesia is the second largest producer. This two country is the exporter where they contribute 89.6% of palm oil trade in the world and 83.5 % of production. They also export crude palm oil (CPO) and other than that processed palm oil (PPO). The Malaysia exporting quantities of CPO increased from 0.4 million tones to 1.3 million tones in 2000 and 2001, followed by exports of Indonesian CPO increased from 1.8 to 2.0 million tones. Both country also contributed PPO which is the larger share of palm products. CPO and PPO in Malaysian were lower than Indonesia in 2001 and 2002. Both countries products imposed by the tariffs with the objectives initially raising revenue. For example, in Malaysia is to encouraging down stream while for Indonesia it reflected to consumer down. Both country have been imposed taxes on export, and there is a difference way the exports duty payable. (Ahmad Borhan and Mohd Arif, 2009) said that the prices of palm oil and it comprises crude palm oil and processed palm oil is a strong indicator of the level of palm oil stock. The stock of palm oil has been hovered around 1 million tones. With this amount, the volume has become the psychological which prices tend to be bullish and bearish, respectively. The end of stock fully depends on the export of palm oil and its production. While local consumption and import play minor roles. The Malaysian palm oil industry has estimated that 1.8 million tones could become the new level of palm oil stock. But it all based on change in the supply and demand factors. (James, 2008) said that the prices of crude palm oil (CPO) has a strong relationship with stock according to the conventional economics. The economics of oils and fats had changed in the last two years, that cause both prices and rising in tandem according to traditional economic theory. Because of created the new role played by biodiesel, the strong signs of a linkages also created. The palm oil prices should take into one account of two factors, the petroleum price and the amount of oil stocks. The price band can determines by prices of petroleum. While the stocks can show high or low palm oil prices. Malaysias economic development has indeed been impressive by the contribution of the palm oil industry. (Sabri, Salmiah,Faizah and Nik Abdullah, 2008). It also changing the market trends and rapid development and has continued to pose challenge. The development of oil and fats industry are provides and has undergone in terms of world balance. In the previous journal, (Mohd Basri, Mohd Arif, and Jamil, 2008) said that in the past, there have been spikes in the palm oil prices, especially to the demand and supply imbalance of oils and fats. But since mid 2006, spikes have become more sustained. Besides that, spikes also been attributed to the supply and demand of edible oils and fats and also to the increasing demand for the fuel. Because of the increased of palm oil, the demand curve shifted to the right. The prices of oils have been increased slightly. (Ayat K Faizah, Ramli Abdullah and Nurul Hufaidah, 2007) study on how to examines volatility spill over. The study focus on between the domestic prices of palm oil and what major factor to the prices volatility. From the research, palm oil has moderate price volatility. And effort should be made to sustained the price of crude palm oil (CPO) to minimize volatility in other prices caused of the prices of (CPO) become a price leader among the other palm oil products. There was a model to developed to forecast prices of palm oil products in domestic. (Ramli and Mohd Alias, 2006). Malaysia also known the worlds biggest exporter of the palm oil and associated with palm oil. Because of the largest exporter the world, it become important for the country to lead the commoditys production and its price and can be used to determine the country revenue or in process of decision making. The objective of this paper is to analyses them econometrically and to forecast. The paper forecast that in the future, the production of palm oil can increased. By 2020, the production of palm oil can reach 22 million tones. Prices of palm oil also can fluctuated but in the future, its amount of prices increasing gradually. (Basri; Mohd Fauzi; Mohd Noor Mamat and Rosli, 2007) analyses the impact of lifting the export tax on Malaysian crude palm oil. Firstly, the equation is developed, especially on processed palm oil (PPO) and crude palm oil(CPO). The study comes out with the conceptual model of the Malaysian palm oil market model, such as the palm oil supply, oil palm area, imports and exports of palm oil products, domestic consumption, domestic price relationship and stocks IntermediationConceptual Framework. Independent variable Dependent var. Factor/supporting Price of palm oil Relationship Production (supply) Export Consumption Land area (Hectares) Mediating Independent variable There are 4 factor that influences the price of palm oil. There are production (supply), export, consumption and land area in hectares. This independent variable also can support the price of palm oil. Production can influences the prices of palm oil by the supply in the market, the more supply in the market, the more it can influences the prices of palm oil. It mean that, if the supply exceed the demand of the market, many unit of production are waste because of the demand not equal to the unit of production in the market. So to increase the demand in the market, firm can reduces prices of the production in order to attract the demand of the market. Low prices of the production can increased the demand of the production in the market. Export also can influences the prices of palm oil in the market by having a export more than import in the market can make a country deficit in terms of profit. Same like production, but export trade in other country and make a international business in order to gain profit. If have much demand in palm oil from other country, it means that, we should export more to achieved the demand from other country. From this situation, our country can take advantages to increase the prices of palm oil respectively. Consumption also can influences the prices of palm oil. It depends on how the consumer fully utilized the use of palm oil. If the consumer already knew the use of the palm oil, easy to them to know how important the palm oil in our society. Because of that, the consumer will ask for the palm oil and directly increased the demand for palm oil. Other than that, land area of plantation also can influences the prices of palm oil. If we plant more trees of palm oil in land, we are producing more palm oil in the market. If the supply of the palm oil in the market exceed than demand, than many surplus to that product. So to overcome this problem, firm must reduced the prices of palm oil to attract consumer to buy the palm oil. But it is good to the firm if the demand more than supply, then the firm can increased the price of palm oil in order to gain profit. Dependent variable The price of palm oil is depend to this four factor, this four factor can influences the prices of palm oil whether wants to increased or decreased. DATA METHODOLOGY LEAST SQUARE METHOD (SINGLE REGRESSION) and (MULTIPLE REGRESSION) The framework developed in this study is drawn both from econometric method (which is based on the economic theory) and the system dynamics approach. This section discusses the econometric model using least square method. Its to correlate and examine the relationships among dependent variable and independent variable. It is a economic theory form with statistical methods. Factor determinants of prices of palm oil in Ringgit Malaysia (RM). consists of 4 factor that influence the price of palm oil, there are production (supply), export in tones, consumption of palm oil and land area of plantation of palm oil in hectares. The first step is finding time series data from 1980 to 2009, which influence the price of palm oil to make a research and then describe it according to the econometric model. To regress the econometric model we must use the data which influence the prices of palm oil. So this 4 factor is the important data to make a research. After regress, we can identified relationship between dependent and independent variables. These 4 factor also known as independent variable and price of palm oil also known as dependent variable which price of palm oil depend on this 4 independent variable whether to increase or decrease. The prices of palm always fluctuate depend on this 4 independent variable. To test this independent variable had a relationship between price or not, the econometric model by using least square method use to test one by one of this independent variable whether this independent variable has a relationship between dependent variable. After test this econometric model, we look to the T-statistics, R-squared, Durbin-Watson stat. if t-stat are less than 2, this means that there is no relationship between independent variable and dependent variable and also known as is not significant. If more than 2, there is a relationship between independent variable and dependent variable. After test one by one, we should regress all dependent variable using multiple regress because of explanatory variable is more than one to check whether all independent variable significant or not. 4. MODEL LISTING AND FINDING Least square method-POPt=+bX Between dependent variable and independent variable Variable C Std-error T-stat R-Squared DW-stat Prob PROD 483.2153 1.51E05 -3.55 0.310563 0.264663 0.0014 EXP 626.5528 0.000104 -2.42 0.173625 0.311140 0.0220 CONS 435.8310 01.73E-05 -3.64 0.321860 0.254297 0.0011 L.AREA 97.77170 1.86E-05 7.67 0.678609 0.571303 0.0000 Analysis of data: Used e-view to regress and estimation using Ordinary least square based on dependent variable and independent variables from the data collected. PPOt=price of palm oil in the market PROD=production of palm oil(supply) EXP=export of palm oil to the world demand (tones) CONS=consumption of palm oil in this market L.AREA=landarea of palm oil plantation in Malaysia (hectares) Result of regression between POPt and PROD Dependent variable: POPt and Independent variable: PROD POPt=483.2153-5.37E-05t t-statistic=-3.55.ignore sign negative, accept Ho, because there is a relationship between price and production because t-statistic shows that it is significant and above 2. So production can influence the price of palm oil respectively. R-Squared =0.310563 Explanation. 31.05% of the changes in the dependent variables can be explained by the independent variables. 68.95% cannot be explained by the regression analysis due to some omission of independent variables. Std-error=1.51E05 Explanation. The smaller the value of SEE, the closer the data points/actual points to the regression line. DW-statistics=0.264663 Explanation. There is a problem in auto-correlation because DW show value less than 2. Probability=0.0014 Explanation. The variable is significant at 0.05 (5%) significant level or 95% confidence level. If the probability is less than 0.05, it means that 95% confidence interval accepted and there is a relationship between dependent variable and independent variable. Result of regression between POPt and EXP Dependent variable: POPt and Independent variable: EXP POPt=626.5528-0.000252t t-statistic=-2.42. ignore sign negative, also accept Ho, because there also a relationship between price and export because t-statistic shows that it is significant and above 2. So export also can influence the price of palm oil respectively. R-Squared=0.173625 Explanation. 17.36% of the changes in the dependent variables can be explained by the independent variables. 82.64% cannot be explained by the regression analysis due to some omission of independent variables. Std-error=0.000104 Explanation. The smaller the value of SEE, the closer the data points/actual points to the regression line. DW-statistics=0.311140 Explanation. There also have a problem in auto correlation because DW show value less than 2. Probability=0.0220 Explanation. The variable is significant at 0.05 (5%) significant level or 95% confidence level. If the probability less than 0.05, it means that 95% confidence interval accepted and there is a relationship among dependent variable and independent variable. Result of regression between POPt and CONS Dependent variable: POPt and Independent variable: CONS POPt=435.8310-6.31E-05t t-statistic=-3.64. ignore sign negative. accept Ho, because there is a relationship between price and export because t-statistic shows that it is no significant and above 2. So consumption can influence the price of palm oil respectively. R-Squared=0.321860 Explanation. 32.18% of the changes in the dependent variables can be explained by the independent variables. 67.82% cannot be explained by the regression analysis due to some omission of independent variables. Std-error=01.73E-05 Explanation. The smaller the value of SEE, the closer the data points/actual points to the regression line. DW-statistics=0.254297 Explanation. There is a problem in auto correlation because DW show value less than 2. Probability=0.0011 Explanation. This variable also significant 0.05 (5%) significant level 95% confidence level. If probability less than 0.05, it means that 95% confidence interval accepted and there is a relationship among dependent variable and independent variable. Result of regression between POPt and LANDAREA Dependent variable: POPt and independent variable: L.AREA POPt=97.77170+0.000143t t-statistic=7.67. accept Ho, because there is a relationship between prices and landarea because t-statistic shows that it is significant and above 2. So landarea can influence the price of palm oil respectively. R-Squared=0.678609 Explanation. 67.86% of the changes in the dependent variables can be explained by the independent variables. 32.14% cannot be explained by the regression analysis due to some omission of independent variables Std-error=1.86E-05 Explanation. The smaller the value of SEE, the closer the data points/actual points to the regression line. DW-statistics=0.571303 Explanation. Also have a problem in auto correlation because DW show value less than 2 Probability=0.0000 Explanation. The variable is significant at 0.05 (5%) significant level or 95% confidence level. If the probability less than 0.05, it means that 95% confidence interval accepted and there is a relationship between dependent variable and independent variable. Multiple Regression Test using first difference Dependent variable=POPt Coefficient Probability Dlnpdc -2.234175 0.0724 Dlnland 0.417220 0.1939 Dlnexp 1.778560 0.0036 Dlncnsptn 0.794493 0.1748 C -0.041683 0.4468 R-squared=0.520161 Durbin Watson=1.511417 Dlnprice=-0.041683+0.794493+1.778560+0.417220-2.234175 We using the first difference method because we want to make the data significant. Before regress the data using first difference, we must log all the data to make the probability below than 0.005, in order to make the data significant. After regress, we found that only probability for Dlnexp less than 0.005. Mean that only dlnexp significant and other independent variable not significant because over than 0.005. Other independent variable not significant because of multicollinearity and autocorrelation problem. Multicollinearity defined that, there is no linear relationships among the explanatory variables. Autocorrelation can be defined as correlation between members of observations ordered in time (as in time series data) CONCLUSION AND RESULT Malaysian is the second producer in the world who produce palm oil. These production can improved our country economy by exporting the palm oil market to other country because our country contribute 89.6 of palm oil trade in the world. Palm oil have many used in our daily life, used of palm oil influence the demand of palm oil in market. More demand of palm oil in market, more increased the price of palm oil per tones. After finished doing this proposal, there are 4 factor that determinant the price of palm oil in Malaysian palm oil market. This 4 factor are production of palm oil, export of palm oil, consumption of palm oil and hectares of plantation of palm oil. This 4 factor test one by one to check whether there is a relationship between this factor to the price. To test it, we use least square method in econometrics. And this all four factor can influence the price of palm oil because t-statistic more than 2. Multiple regression also has been test, and only one independent variable was significant and other independent variable not significant.

The Legalization of Marijuana for Medicinal Purposes :: Medical Marijuana Drugs Papers

The legalization of marijuana for medicinal purposes has become an increasingly controversial topic, with many different issues on which people have many different opinions. There is opposition to the legalization of marijuana for medicinal purposes because it has the potential to be used incorrectly, however it is also considered that there is the potential for marijuana to be used in relieving the suffering of many seriously ill patients. Marijuana has been used by people for thousands of years to provide relief from many different serious medical problems. There are many doctors who currently support the effectiveness of using marijuana as treatment for various medical conditions. The many people who are suffering from cancer, multiple sclerosis, and AIDS have found that marijuana can be a very effective pain and symptom reliever. The legalization of marijuana for medicinal purposes is viewed by its opposers as one of the worst things that we could do. Their reasons are that they feel that marijuana should not be legalized for medical use because it is an illegal substance and until that is changed, prescribing it is against the law. "Attorney General Janet Reno announced that physicians in any state who prescribe the drug could lose the privilege of writing prescriptions, be excluded from medicare and Medicaid reimbursements, and even be prosecuted for a federal crime" (Kassier 1). Government officials such as Janet Reno are not the only ones to object to the legalization of marijuana. Many parents groups like Mothers Against Drunk Drivers object to the legalization of marijuana for medical uses. Their objections come from a reasonable concern that there has been an increase in the use of marijuana by youth. Their concern is expanded since the marijuana of today is much more potent than the marijuana of a few decades ago. The potential for these teens to obtain the drug would increase. Also, the Federal Health and Drug enforcement officials feel that by le galizing marijuana, they would be sending the wrong message to young people ("Your Health" 1). Strong evidence that shows that regular use of marijuana for long periods of time could cause severe lung damage ("Your Health" 3). If the use of marijuana could damage a patient's lungs, then the risk could outweigh the benefit. Marijuana smoke can be twice as toxic as tobacco smoke to a human lung. The strongest point that many make opposing the legalization of marijuana is that there just is no clear evidence that smoking marijuana can help an individual who is ill ("Marijuana for the Sick" 2).

The Power of Language

Language is considered to be one of the most important components of culture since it is through language that human beings are able to communicate with each other.   However, there are many different languages for many different parts of the world.   This makes it hard for people from different parts of any culture with different language to communicate with each other.   Thus, studying or learning another’s language is as much a part of us as reading books is. Learning a new language is an integral part of becoming at home in a new or another country.   Stepping into another country or territory wherein another language is used, you feel as if you are the only person who can understand yourself.   You feel like an alien.   You feel alone. But when you finally learn the language, it makes you feel happy and satisfied, as if you have just received an award or finished the most difficult project you have encountered.   But your contentment doubles when you learn to use it effectively when communicating with other people.   You no longer feel alone.   You feel that, at last, someone understands what you are trying to say. Amy Tan’s article, Mother Tongue, talks about how her mother’s â€Å"broken† English finally led her to realize that the more important thing in learning a language is not speaking or writing it perfectly, with all the difficult words and grammatical correctness.   She realized that the more important thing is to speak or write a language wherein most people can understand it. When she wrote her novel The Joy Luck Club, she intended to use difficult words, phrases and metaphors because she thought this is how she can prove to most people that second-language learners do not just excel in sciences or mathematics wherein there is a common language use.   However, as she went on writing, she began to realize that she should think about the readers and how they would feel or think about her stories.   She envisioned that reader to be her mother. This is the point when she finally understands that she should â€Å"water down† the English she is using to make her mother understand what she was trying to say.   That is, it is more important to capture the essence of what her mother’s language ability cannot reveal — the intent, passion and imagery her mother was trying to get across. Tan summarizes her personal experience and feelings in learning English in her last paragraph in Mother Tongue: Apart from what any critic had to say about my writing, I knew I had succeeded where it counted when my mother finished reading my book and gave me her verdict: â€Å"So easy to read.† (476) Another article that tells a story of how difficult it is to learn a new language is Malcolm X’s Coming to an Awareness of Language.   To Malcolm X, what makes it harder is to learn to communicate it to people effectively.   In this brief autobiography, he mentioned how he would write to hustlers, presidents, and people in the streets to communicate about Allah.   He gives speeches and talks in conferences.   One look from him and you’d think that he went to school and got beyond eighth grade.   But he attributes all his knowledge in the English language to his serving his time in prison. Malcom X tells how hard he tried to learn the English language.   All of his motivation to learn the English language came from his envy to Bimbi.   He tried to emulate him by conversing with him in English and reading books in English.   But then, he cannot understand most of the words and sentences in the books he picked.   He would skip the difficult words so he ended up not understanding what the book really said.   What he did is that he got hold of a dictionary and started to write everything each day from each page. This is how he learned not just new and difficult words but some history and facts as well.   Malcom X’s autobiography tries to tell us that no matter how hard it is to learn a new language (or just to learn something), it makes you feel satisfied and free after you know you have finally understood it. David Sedaris’ Me Talk Pretty One Day also describes how he painstakingly learned a new language — the French language this time.   He enrolled in Alliance Francaise to study French only to discover that his teacher is, as he called it, a wild animal.   It was only the first day of class and he and his classmates were already grilled in using the French they knew about by telling about themselves in French. All of them were called to introduce themselves but not one of them was saved by the sadistic teacher who made fun of their French.   His fears and discomfort that he felt as a child all came running back to him as if he was being a kindergarten all over again.   But then, no matter how his teacher tried to insult his laziness, he would only be studying more. Learning a new language can be tricky and very difficult especially for first-timers.   There are times when, as Sedaris described, we would prefer to hide behind stores and cash registers and avoid asking trivial questions in another language.   But all this is learning.   Learning is, indeed hard and tricky, but when we finally learned, it is very satisfying.   In learning a new language, it is very satisfying in the sense that when we finally learned and mastered another language, we know that more people can understand us.   We feel gratified that we have earned the rewards of the hardships we have experienced.   And most of all, we feel a sense of belongingness. Works Cited Malcom X. â€Å"Coming to an Awareness of Language.† Sedaris, David. â€Å"Me Talk Pretty One Day.† 2000. Tan, Amy. â€Å"Mother Tongue.† The Power of Language Language is considered to be one of the most important components of culture since it is through language that human beings are able to communicate with each other.   However, there are many different languages for many different parts of the world.   This makes it hard for people from different parts of any culture with different language to communicate with each other.   Thus, studying or learning another’s language is as much a part of us as reading books is. Learning a new language is an integral part of becoming at home in a new or another country.   Stepping into another country or territory wherein another language is used, you feel as if you are the only person who can understand yourself.   You feel like an alien.   You feel alone. But when you finally learn the language, it makes you feel happy and satisfied, as if you have just received an award or finished the most difficult project you have encountered.   But your contentment doubles when you learn to use it effectively when communicating with other people.   You no longer feel alone.   You feel that, at last, someone understands what you are trying to say. Amy Tan’s article, Mother Tongue, talks about how her mother’s â€Å"broken† English finally led her to realize that the more important thing in learning a language is not speaking or writing it perfectly, with all the difficult words and grammatical correctness.   She realized that the more important thing is to speak or write a language wherein most people can understand it. When she wrote her novel The Joy Luck Club, she intended to use difficult words, phrases and metaphors because she thought this is how she can prove to most people that second-language learners do not just excel in sciences or mathematics wherein there is a common language use.   However, as she went on writing, she began to realize that she should think about the readers and how they would feel or think about her stories.   She envisioned that reader to be her mother. This is the point when she finally understands that she should â€Å"water down† the English she is using to make her mother understand what she was trying to say.   That is, it is more important to capture the essence of what her mother’s language ability cannot reveal — the intent, passion and imagery her mother was trying to get across. Tan summarizes her personal experience and feelings in learning English in her last paragraph in Mother Tongue: Apart from what any critic had to say about my writing, I knew I had succeeded where it counted when my mother finished reading my book and gave me her verdict: â€Å"So easy to read.† (476) Another article that tells a story of how difficult it is to learn a new language is Malcolm X’s Coming to an Awareness of Language.   To Malcolm X, what makes it harder is to learn to communicate it to people effectively.   In this brief autobiography, he mentioned how he would write to hustlers, presidents, and people in the streets to communicate about Allah.   He gives speeches and talks in conferences.   One look from him and you’d think that he went to school and got beyond eighth grade.   But he attributes all his knowledge in the English language to his serving his time in prison. Malcom X tells how hard he tried to learn the English language.   All of his motivation to learn the English language came from his envy to Bimbi.   He tried to emulate him by conversing with him in English and reading books in English.   But then, he cannot understand most of the words and sentences in the books he picked.   He would skip the difficult words so he ended up not understanding what the book really said.   What he did is that he got hold of a dictionary and started to write everything each day from each page. This is how he learned not just new and difficult words but some history and facts as well.   Malcom X’s autobiography tries to tell us that no matter how hard it is to learn a new language (or just to learn something), it makes you feel satisfied and free after you know you have finally understood it. David Sedaris’ Me Talk Pretty One Day also describes how he painstakingly learned a new language — the French language this time.   He enrolled in Alliance Francaise to study French only to discover that his teacher is, as he called it, a wild animal.   It was only the first day of class and he and his classmates were already grilled in using the French they knew about by telling about themselves in French. All of them were called to introduce themselves but not one of them was saved by the sadistic teacher who made fun of their French.   His fears and discomfort that he felt as a child all came running back to him as if he was being a kindergarten all over again.   But then, no matter how his teacher tried to insult his laziness, he would only be studying more. Learning a new language can be tricky and very difficult especially for first-timers.   There are times when, as Sedaris described, we would prefer to hide behind stores and cash registers and avoid asking trivial questions in another language.   But all this is learning.   Learning is, indeed hard and tricky, but when we finally learned, it is very satisfying.   In learning a new language, it is very satisfying in the sense that when we finally learned and mastered another language, we know that more people can understand us.   We feel gratified that we have earned the rewards of the hardships we have experienced.   And most of all, we feel a sense of belongingness. Works Cited Malcom X. â€Å"Coming to an Awareness of Language.† Sedaris, David. â€Å"Me Talk Pretty One Day.† 2000. Tan, Amy. â€Å"Mother Tongue.†

Free Essays on Sitting Bull And The Sioux Resistance

Essay Analysis: Sitting Bull and the Sioux Resistance 1. The change in Lakota culture during the nineteenth century is best time lined by stages in Sitting Bull’s life. At the time of his birth, early in the century, the Lakota’s had just become fully mounted on horses and began acquiring guns from tradesman. In his youth, they had little conception of the white mans world. By his 30th birthday however the white mans world began to intrude. As whites steadily moved westward, conflicts increased and a few years later the Hunkpapas added the white man to their list of enemies. The first couple of battles, about 1863-64, the hunk papas saw defeat due to the failure of their traditional battle styles, lack of numbers, and lack of sufficient weapons. Soon after, the Treaty of 1868 split the tribes into two parts: those who chose to live in the Great Sioux reservation, led by Red Cloud, and those chose to fight and live the life of old, led by Sitting Bull. The discovery of gold in the 1870’s doomed the Lakota fate. Few last huge battles were fought but the gold rush meant increasing numbers of whites and government support. Finally the Lakotas were all either killed or moved to reservations and their old ways were gone, and reservation life was inevitable. These events show how greatly settlers affected the Indians way of living: as whites became more and more populous for whichever reason the Indian were forced to adapt, fight, and eventually completely change their lives to best suit the white mans wants and needs. 2. The Hunkpapas like all plains Indians fought in a time-honored fashion. Singly and in knots they galloped back and forth, firing arrows and musket balls at the enemy. Sometimes they gathered in bunches for a thrust at over-running their enemies. Each warrior sought to display bravery and glorious acts of war for pride. They only followed a leader when it suited his convenience or inclination. 3. Through... Free Essays on Sitting Bull And The Sioux Resistance Free Essays on Sitting Bull And The Sioux Resistance Essay Analysis: Sitting Bull and the Sioux Resistance 1. The change in Lakota culture during the nineteenth century is best time lined by stages in Sitting Bull’s life. At the time of his birth, early in the century, the Lakota’s had just become fully mounted on horses and began acquiring guns from tradesman. In his youth, they had little conception of the white mans world. By his 30th birthday however the white mans world began to intrude. As whites steadily moved westward, conflicts increased and a few years later the Hunkpapas added the white man to their list of enemies. The first couple of battles, about 1863-64, the hunk papas saw defeat due to the failure of their traditional battle styles, lack of numbers, and lack of sufficient weapons. Soon after, the Treaty of 1868 split the tribes into two parts: those who chose to live in the Great Sioux reservation, led by Red Cloud, and those chose to fight and live the life of old, led by Sitting Bull. The discovery of gold in the 1870’s doomed the Lakota fate. Few last huge battles were fought but the gold rush meant increasing numbers of whites and government support. Finally the Lakotas were all either killed or moved to reservations and their old ways were gone, and reservation life was inevitable. These events show how greatly settlers affected the Indians way of living: as whites became more and more populous for whichever reason the Indian were forced to adapt, fight, and eventually completely change their lives to best suit the white mans wants and needs. 2. The Hunkpapas like all plains Indians fought in a time-honored fashion. Singly and in knots they galloped back and forth, firing arrows and musket balls at the enemy. Sometimes they gathered in bunches for a thrust at over-running their enemies. Each warrior sought to display bravery and glorious acts of war for pride. They only followed a leader when it suited his convenience or inclination. 3. Through...

Christopher Nolan and Inception essays

Christopher Nolan and Inception essays By definition the auteur theory holds that "a director's film reflects the director's personal creative vision, as if they were the primary auteur. The auteur's creative voice is distinct enough to shine through all kinds of studio interference and through the collective process."1 With that in mind the auteur that I have selected is Christopher Nolan, writer/director of Memento (2000), Insomnia (2002), Batman Begins (2005), The Dark Knight (2008), Inception (2010) and The Dark Knight Rises (2012). The film that I will be basing the majority of my essay on is Inception (2010). The reason I have chosen Christopher Nolan as an auteur is because of his "ultra-realistic society" approach to storytelling and his apparent control over his work. From writing the script to directing and producing his films, Christopher Nolan is seen as someone who allowed to have complete creative control rather than the production company. One of the criteria for being an auteur according to French New Wave film director and film critic Francois Truffaut is that "a good director (and many bad ones) exerts such a distinctive style or promotes such a consistent theme that his or her influence is unmistakable in the body of his or her work."2 This, it could be said, is especially true for Christopher Nolan and his work especially in the writing of his films and how he creates a relatible world within his films and matches it with a completely unrealistic plot. For example in the film Inception Nolan creates a real world in which the audience can completely relate to, setting the bulk of the film in Paris. However the plot of the film ensures that the Parisian location is set in a dream conscious state so it is not entirely relatible to the audience creating juxtaposition in the understanding of the film. Another way in which Nolan is the auteur of his films is in the control that he has over making the film itself. Nolan owns a production company call...